Henri Bonneau, Chateauneuf-du-Pape 2004

Bonneau�s Ch�teauneufs, particularly the mythic R�serve des C�lestins, are not only fantastically complex, immense and capable of decades of development; they are also endowed with that rare and magical sense of extra dimension found only in the greatest wines. Henri represents the 12th generation of his family to make wine in Ch�teauneuf du Pape, dating back to 1667, and his methods today continue to have more in common with the 17th century than with contemporary winemaking. From his inaugural vintage of 1956, Bonneau has stayed the course�he doesn�t de-stem, gently crushes the whole clusters and then ferments for three weeks in concrete tanks with frequent pump-overs for gentle extraction. Bonneau adds back his vin de presse for structure and then ages the wine in a haphazard collection of neutral foudres, demi-muids and pi�ces, none of them younger than ten years old. While these details describe the ultimate in traditional Southern Rh�ne winemaking, they don�t explain just what makes his wines so extraordinary. Bonneau is a man of strong character and opinions, however, some of which lend clues to his wine�s fantastic character. Mostly located in the famed boulder-covered plateau of the Le Craulieu-dit, his vines average 30 years, the age that Bonneau considers optimum for great fruit. He trusts neither new clones nor vines older than 50 years. A traditionalist to the core, Bonneau is a Grenache partisan. Ch�teauneuf�s classic varietal makes up 90% of his vines and, ultimately, 90% of his wine. The balance is in Mourv�dre, Syrah, Counoise and Vaccarese. Henri claims not to know what his yields are. �I�ve no idea� is what he told Rh�ne Renaissance author Remington Norman, but his wine�s fantastic concentration suggests that they are quite low. Like his friend the late Jacques Reynaud of Ch�teau Rayas, another Grenache devotee, Bonneau harvests as late as possible for ripeness and complexity. Bonneau�s barrel aging regime is non-interventionist in the extreme�he simply leaves the wine in wood, racking only once a year, until he feels the time is right for bottling. In a great year this might be determined by how many years it takes for all of his super-ripe fruit�s sugar to ferment. In other cases, it is a matter of developed balance and typicit�. When Stephen Tanzer visited Bonneau in the fall of 2000, Henri had not yet bottled his 1996�a year in which he made no C�lestins or Marie Beurrier��because it is not yet a wine.� In this, he reminds us of great traditional Barolisti such as Roberto Conterno and Giuseppe Rinaldi, both of who believe that time in barrel is essential for complete development of their wine�s traditional character. Bonneau also uses the barrel aging to determine what will be bottled as a specific cuv�e. He usually releases two wines per vintage�the flagship R�serve des Celestins and Cuv�e Marie Beurrier, roughly based on terroir and the resulting wine�s character. The massive and powerful R�serve des Celestins is generally sourced from Bonneau�s vines in La Crau, whose boulder-strewn plateau produces Ch�teauneuf�s ripest fruit. Cuv�e Marie Beurrier, Bonneau�s more elegant wine, usually comes from clay, limestone and sandy soils. In any vintage Bonneau may declassify either of these cuv�es, bottling them as his �basic� Ch�teauneuf, or selling the wine to another producer if it doesn�t ultimately meet his standards. A great example of this was his 1996, released in early 2002. After years of tending to his barrels, he ultimately singled out a half dozen or so casks to be bottled under his own label�selling off the rest to negociants. Total production of his own release was a microscopic 200 to 300 cases.

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